About Laura Smith

Archivist

Mark Twain and the Science of Dr. Conn

Prof. Ken Noll (far left) and students with their exhibit "Mark Twain and Herbert W. Conn"

As curators we often work with undergraduates on their class projects, and I recently had the opportunity to work with Professor Kenneth Noll of the Molecular and Cell Biology department in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.  Prof. Noll devised a project for a INTD class he taught this semester, “Mark Twain and Herbert W. Conn: Science in Literature and Society in Late 19th Century Connecticut.”  We all know who Mark Twain is but who is Conn?  H.W. Conn was a very prominent scientist at Wesleyan University in the late 1800s/early 1900s, and although he was not a faculty member at what then the Connecticut Agricultural College (now known as UConn), he was the driving force in establishing the Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station.  Prof. Noll’s objective for the class was to have the students create an exhibit that describes Conn’s work as the Connecticut state microbiologist, juxtaposing it to Mark Twain’s 1905 essay, “3000 Years Among the Microbes,” which deflates human beings’ inflated sense of importance. 

Ken Noll and the exhibit, in the Plaza Alcove at Homer Babbidge Library

The class, all of them freshmen honors students, was split into three groups to research Conn and Twain, as well as the science behind Conn’s work, particularly his 1893 Chicago World’s Fair exhibit on dairy microbiology.  The students used many materials in Archives & Special Collections, including photographs from the University Archives, Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station catalogs, and maps, and made a field trip to the Connecticut Science Center.

 The result is an exhibit now up in the Plaza Alcove in Homer Babbidge Library until December 17. 

On December 6, at 11:00a.m., there will be a celebration of the exhibit that will feature a reading from Twain’s story by retired Prof. of Dramatic Arts Jerry Krasser and Prof. Noll.  The public is invited to the celebration, in the Class of ’47 room in Homer Babbidge Library

Laura Smith, Curator for Business, Railroad and Labor Collections

An Archival Thanksgiving

The Cranberry, photographed by Don Ball, Jr.

Sometimes when it’s my turn to write something for the blog, and nothing immediately comes to mind, I will then think of an anniversary that can be celebrated, or a holiday that is approaching, and how the archival material can illustrate that event.  With Thanksgiving fast approaching I thought “what’s in the archive that touches on this holiday?”.  One of the best ways to explore the archives is by using the search box to the finding aids, available on our front web page (doddcenter.uconn.edu) and from the first collections page (http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/collections/index.htm).  I decided to have some fun and put in search terms related to Thanksgiving.  Here’s what I got:

Thanksgiving: 14 hits, mostly from political and Children’s literature collections, including a Thanksgiving themed popcorn tin in the Tomie dePaola collection.

Thanks: 5 hits, mostly related to expressions of gratitude from the creators of the collections.

Turkey: 23 hits!  Wow!  But it won’t surprise you to read that the vast majority of these hits are on references to the country, not the bird, in political collections.

Gobble: only 2 hits, including the title “Gobble Gang Poems” by the poet Ed Sanders.

Gobbler: 1 hit, in the Ted and Betsy Lewin Papers (a children’s illustrators collection)

Stuffed: 7 hits! but mostly referring to stuffed toys, stuffed animals, and stuffed furniture (huh?  What kind of collection is THAT?  It’s a railroad collection, if you can believe it, a description of a photograph of the interior of a plush railroad car).

Football: Lots of hits there — 55 of them!  Most of them from the University Archives collections, references to UConn football, of course.

Cranberry: 4 hits, including the photograph that you see above of The Cranberry, a diesel locomotive owned by the New Haven Railroad, taken by photographer Don Ball, Jr.

Squash: 5 hits, three of them referring to the game, one to the vegetable, and one to a Leaf-Footed Squash Bug.

There were 5 hits for “pumpkin” but NONE for “pumpkin pie”.  That is just so wrong.  There’s always room for pumpkin pie in the archive, right? 

Happy Thanksgiving, everyone!

Laura Smith, Curator for Business, Railroad and Labor Collections

Let’s talk toilet paper

Ah, we’ve stooped to this.  The talk always turns to potty humor, doesn’t it? 

As odd as it sounds, we here at Archives & Special Collections have toilet paper in one of our archival collections. That’s right — ARCHIVAL toilet paper.  In a business collection, if you can believe it.   Let me explain…

Cardboard cover for toilet paper manufactured by C.H. Dexter Company of Windsor Locks, Connecticut

The Dexter Corporation began in 1767 as a small, family-operated mill on land in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. Originally a saw and grist mill, the business added a paper mill and began marketing specialty papers in the mid-nineteenth century.  In its third generation of family ownership, under the direction of Charles Haskell Dexter, the company established itself as the C. H. Dexter Co. and developed products for a well-defined market of papers and tissues.  Their Star Mills Medicated Manila Tissue was the first commercially-manufactured tissue. Together with his son, Edwin Dexter, and his son-in-law, H. R. Coffin, C.H. Dexter moved the company into the twentieth century as C. H. Dexter and Sons, Co. In 1914 the company was incorporated and was headed by A. D. Coffin, the son of H. R. Coffin.

The years of the depression in the 1930s saw the company’s further evolution with the development of the Long Fiber Papers, and through mergers and divestments.  In addition to its specialty tissues and paper covers, the company began producing tea bags and meat casings.

By the mid-twentieth century, having established the quality of its specialized papers, C. H. Dexter and Sons, Inc., began production of industrial finishes and laminates. The company renamed itself the Dexter Corporation in 1966 to reflect its expansion and development.

In 1999-2000, when a hostile takeover threatened to displace over 200 years of operations, the Dexter Corporation dismantled, leaving only a trail of toilet paper in its wake (not really. I was kidding about that).

Shown here is a cardboard cover for a package of toilet tissue, circa 1896.  For more information about the C.H. Dexter Company, and to see the cover and the toilet paper up close and personal, look at the finding aid at http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/findaids/Dexter/MSS20000128.html and come view it in the reading room at the Dodd Research Center.  I’ll warn you, though — toilet paper from 1896 is NOT as soft as a baby’s bottom.  Not by a long shot.

Laura Smith, Curator for Business, Railroad and Labor Collections

The End of a Railroad Line

New York, Westchester & Boston Railway station at Port Chester, New York, 1930

On August 21, 1937, service ceased on the New York, Westchester & Boston Railway line, which despite its reference to Boston actually ran just from lower Manhattan to Port Chester, New York.  It was incorporated in 1872 (as the New York, Westchester & Boston Railroad) but the charter lay dormant until 1900, when investors formed the New York & Westchester and reorganized in 1904 as the NYW&B Railway.  The line was in direct competition with the omnipresent New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (better known as the New Haven Railroad), which controlled almost all railroad, trolley and steamship traffic in southern New England into New York City from 1872 to 1969, so the New Haven Railroad bought up all of the fledgling company’s stock and made it into a showcase of elegant stations, bridges and viaducts.  Unfortunately such opulence was unsustainable and the line was never able to turn a profit.  It closed in 1937, its property was auctioned off in 1942, and its locomotives and cars were scattered to the four winds.

A fantastic website giving the full history of this line is at http://nywbry.com/index.php.

Archives & Special Collections has Board of Directors minutes and financial records of the NYW&B Ry., as part of the  New York, New Haven & Hartford Records, an enormous collection of administrative, real estate, financial and legal records of the railroad and its predecessor companies.

An obscure Connecticut industry

The Holley Manufacturing Company of Lakeville (Salisbury), Connecticut, produced pocket cutlery and related products, from 1844 until 1946. Founded in 1844 by Alexander Hamilton Holley and George Merwin as Holley and Merwin, the company claimed to be the oldest manufacturer of pocket cutlery in the United States. The company name was later changed to Holley & Company.

In 1854, it was incorporated as the Holley Manufacturing Company, with Alexander H. Holley as president, George B. Burrall, treasurer, and William B. Rudd, secretary. William Rudd’s son, Malcolm D. Rudd, succeeded him as treasurer and general manager, serving in that position until 1942.  Its customers were retailers and small jobbers, mostly in New England, Pennsylvania, and upper New York State. Total annual sales of the company probably did not exceed $50,000 from 1844 to 1925, or $10,000 from 1925 to 1933. When the company’s sales and production declined after 1933 the firm was dissolved in 1946.

Teaching American History Grant Workshop brings in 40 teachers from Eastern Connecticut

On Wednesday, May 12, Curators from Archives & Special Collections of the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center conducted a daylong workshop for teachers enrolled in the EASTCONN Teaching American History Grant.  Curators Valerie Love, Betsy Pittman and Laura Smith showed materials from the Alternative Press, Political, and Labor Collections, and the University Archives, concentrating on the topics of post-World War II Communism and the Vietnam War. 

In 2009 EASTCONN, a regional education service center in Hampton, Connecticut, received a three-year federal Teaching American History grant.  The coordinators gathered educational institutions such as the Dodd Research Center, the Connecticut State Library and Archives, the Connecticut Historical Society, Historic New England, and others to be partners in coordinating workshops and other learning experiences for eastern Connecticut teachers who enrolled in the program.  Each of the three years has a theme; this year’s theme is “Freedom, Security and Diversity,”  thus the emphasis on materials for Communism and the Vietnam War.

We brought out many provocative documents to the teachers, including a copy of a letter from Connecticut Senator Thomas J. Dodd, Senator Prescott Bush, and Representative Frank Kowalski to President John F. Kennedy in 1961 urging him to be resolved to fight Communism (http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/research/TAH/1994-0065_ms50.pdf) and a flyer advertising a peace protest during the Vietnam War (http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/research/TAH/1986-0008_ms3.pdf)

As a special bonus to the day, Maureen Croteau, head of UConn’s Department of Journalism, spoke to the teachers about freedom of the press and the First Amendment.  Maureen’s topics sparked a lot of discussion with the group.

The “Poetess” of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, Lodge #201

Louise Gaffney Flannigan, born in 1867 and died in 1949, lived her whole life in New Haven, Connecticut.  As the sister and wife of men who worked for the New Haven Railroad, she wrote flowery poems as odes to the courage and fortitude of railroad trainmen, and for good reason.  Working for the railroad in the late 1800s was dangerous — this mode of transportation was still very new and laws regulating the railroads to ensure the safety of the workers were few.  Many of the poems Louise wrote were memorials to the men who died on the job.  Sadly, even her husband, Frank Flannigan, died in 1915 when he was hit by a train.

The Louise Gaffney Flannigan Papers, part of the Railroad History Archive here at the Dodd Research Center, is a very unique collection, quite unlike the typical railroad collection of timetables, track maps and photographs of locomotives and stations.  Louise’s papers consist of her poems and writings, almost all about her admiration of her beloved trainmen and her despair when one falls while on duty.  The poems tell us a lot about Louise herself, about her resilience and her humor.  Despite her constant fear that another man will die while working for the railroad, she had a real respect for the trains, their power and their beauty. 

Shown here is the first stanza of “A Brakeman’s Death,” undated but it must have been written before 1889.  Louise  writes “Whenever I pass near the railroad track, and see the trains pass by so fast, I love to wave to the jolly brakeman, seated on the cartops, as one by one they pass, Their eyes are ever on the alert, To see each bridge and dodge down low, They run quickly also to their brakes, Over cars covered with ice and snow.”

Hard work, indeed.

For more information about the Louise Gaffney Flannigan Papers, see the finding at http://doddcenter.uconn.edu/findaids/flannigan/MSS20070066.html

Maps of the New Haven Railroad Now Available Online

New Haven Railroad map of Hartford, Connecticut, 1915

For some time now Archives &  Special Collections has been working with MAGIC, the UConn Libraries’ map library, to present online the railroad maps we hold of the New Haven Railroad system.  One of our latest digital projects, New Haven Railroad Valuation Maps, is now available through the UConn Libraries’ Digital Mosaic at http://images.lib.uconn.edu/

This set of maps was created by the railroad for the Interstate Commerce Commission in 1915 and consists of detailed trackplans of the railroad’s property with historical information on when and from whom the property was purchased.  Currently we have 1710 maps from the entire collection of over 2400 available. The maps you see now include all the Connecticut maps (note that there are gaps in the routes — our map collection is not absolutely complete), about all but a handful of the Rhode Island maps, and about 600 maps of central Massachusetts.

The original plans were already one of our highest use collections and the digital version is proving to be even more popular.  We are currently at work getting the remaining maps to you — keep checking the Digital Mosaic for updates!

For more information about the New Haven Railroad and the Railroad History Archive visit http://railroads.uconn.edu/.

The Cheney Brothers Silk Manufacturing Company Records — Paris fashion straight from eastern Connecticut

The Cheney Brothers Silk Manufacturing Company Records is not a new collection — we’ve had it in the archive since 1984 — but it is a solid collection of extraordinary historical materials that draws a steady line of researchers from genealogists and textile historians to UConn’s undergraduate and graduate students and secondary school students.  The collections provides strong materials documenting this Manchester, Connecticut, company’s rise, in 1838 as the Mount Nebo Silk Company founded by six Cheney brothers, to its status as a leading producer of silk in the 1880s, to its peak in the 1920s when it produced silk for fashionable French garments, and then follows its decline after World War II (when it produced parachute material for the war effort) to its sale in the 1950s to J.P. Stevens & Company.  The Cheney family was renowned for their paternalistic attitude to their workers and for providing housing, schools, and recreation facilities for its workers.  An extraordinary component in the collection is a large set of employee cards from 1900 to 1940 where details of each worker — his or her country of origin, languages spoken and read, levels of education — are available, making that an amazing resource for ethnic history research.

This image from a 1929 brochure shows how the company marketed its fashionable fabrics.  Tres chic!

Wishing you a Happy Thanksgiving…with employee magazines

A New Haven Railroad dining car employee serves Thanksgiving dinner to a passenger.

The employee magazine, or “house organ,” for such large businesses as the New Haven Railroad and the Southern New England Telephone Company, allowed company employees a means to communicate, to find out about recent happenings with the company, and to share such information as recent marriages, births, retirements, and deaths involving other workers.  At Thanksgiving time, as we see from the employee magazines for the railroad (on the left) and SNET (below) which are held in the archives, the magazines show how the employees enjoyed the feasts of the season.  We see a New Haven Railroad dining car employee serve a passenger (well, probably not a real passenger, probaby a model posing as a passenger or employee) her Thanksgiving dinner, and an employee in the New London office cafeteria is served turkey. 
This latter photo had the following caption:  “Susan Reidy can hardly wait to get back to a table in New London Cafeteria to down this delicious turkey dinner.  Bird was cooked by Catherine Tooker (carving), while Cafeteria Supervisor Mildred Berg looks on.

A SNET employee is served Thanksgiving dinner at the New London office cafeteria.

Tucked inside is Grace Murray’s famous dressing.  See recipe on Page 27.”

Of course we wouldn’t leave you hanging and not give you the recipe.  All of us at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center wish you and your loved ones a very Happy Thanksgiving!

46th Anniversary of the indictment of Patrick B. McGinnis!

Patrick B. McGinnis in the cab of a New Haven Railroad locomotive, 1954

Patrick B. McGinnis in the cab of a New Haven Railroad locomotive, 1954

August 14, 2009, is the 46th anniversary of the indictment by a Federal grand jury in Boston, Massachusetts, of former New Haven Railroad president Patrick B. McGinnis on a charge of obtaining personal profit from a deal involving the sale of railroad cars while he was president of the Boston & Maine Railroad.  McGinnis was president of the New Haven Railroad from April 1, 1954, to January 18, 1956, and was controversial from the outset.  He won the presidency through a proxy fight, ousting President Frederick “Buck” Dumaine, Jr., and during his tenure he was regarded as controversial for deferring maintenance and buying expensive new motive power at a time when the New Haven Railroad was experiencing diminishing ridership and the effects of extensive floods in August 1955, in which hundreds of miles of track were damaged.  Immediately upon being ousted as President of the NHRR McGinnis became President of the Boston & Maine Railroad, but was indicted a few years later for graft and served time in a federal prison.  Those who worked for the railroad or have studied the history of the New Haven Railroad still today debate the dastardly deeds of this flamboyant railroad president.

This photograph shows Patrick McGinnis in 1954 in the cab of a New Haven Railroad locomotive, and is from the Charles Gunn Papers in Archives & Special Collections.  You can find out more about the Railroad History Archive at http://railroads.uconn.edu/

All about the Connecticut Historic Preservation Collection

West Cornwall Covered Bridge

CHPC documentation study done in 2002 of the West Cornwall Covered bridge over the Housatonic River

 

Have you ever been curious about the architectural and archaeological history of properties in Connecticut? Did you know that the Dodd Research Center is a virtual one-stop-shopping destination for information about thousands of historical properties and of hundreds of archaeological digs in the 169 towns in the state? It’s true! The Connecticut Historic Preservation Collection, a listing of which can be found at http://chpc.lib.uconn.edu, has information about architectural and archaeological studies done by professional archaeologists and historians, located at the Dodd Research Center. We receive them from the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism’s Historic Preservation & Museum Division. The studies date back to the 1970s and are current up to the present. Unfortunately, none of the surveys are available online so you’ll have to come visit us at the Dodd Research Center to take a look at them. We look forward to helping you find the properties you’re searching for!

CHPC documentation study done in 1985 of the Israel Putnam School in Putnam, Connecticut

CHPC documentation study done in 1985 of the Israel Putnam School in Putnam, Connecticut