{"id":397,"date":"2009-09-04T03:56:00","date_gmt":"2009-09-04T03:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/2009\/09\/04\/map-of-the-week-5-sleeping-sickness-in-africa-1909\/"},"modified":"2009-09-04T03:56:00","modified_gmt":"2009-09-04T03:56:00","slug":"map-of-the-week-5-sleeping-sickness-in-africa-1909","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/2009\/09\/04\/map-of-the-week-5-sleeping-sickness-in-africa-1909\/","title":{"rendered":"Map of the Week! #5 Sleeping Sickness in Africa 1909"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align: center\">Okay, so maybe there&#8217;s two maps this week, but they&#8217;re closely related!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/uconnlibrariesmagic\/3885512475\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 500px;height: 354px\" src=\"http:\/\/farm4.static.flickr.com\/3531\/3885512475_d0ca56ac89.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Map 1.) Skeletal Map of Tropical Africa Showing Distribution of Tsetse Flies<br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<p><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/uconnlibrariesmagic\/3886319010\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 500px;height: 358px\" src=\"http:\/\/farm3.static.flickr.com\/2541\/3886319010_210a3d1cb4.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Map 2.) Skeletal Map of Tropical Africa Showing Distribution of  <span style=\"font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\"><span style=\"font-style: italic\"><span style=\"font-weight: bold\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Sleeping Sickness and Glossina Palpalis<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: left\">Both of these maps were published in 1909 by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk\/\">Ordnance Survey<\/a> of Great Britain.  Map 1 shows the spatial distribution of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsetse_fly\">Tsetse flies<\/a> which were discovered to be the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vector_%28epidemiology%29\">vector<\/a> for the disease <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_trypanosomiasis\">sleeping sickness (African Trypanosomiasis).<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsetse_fly\">Tsete flies (Genus <span style=\"font-style: italic\">Glossina<\/span>)<\/a> have several species that exist on the African continent.  On Map 1 you can see that there are several species of <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsetse_fly\"><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Glossina<\/span><\/a> listed.  These species have slightly different habitats as shown below (click the links for modern day maps, how do they compare to the 1909 maps?):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/againfo\/programmes\/en\/PAAT\/documents\/maps\/pdf\/Groups\/AF_palpgr_V.pdf\"><span style=\"font-style: italic\">Glossina palpalis<\/span><\/a> &#8211; are generally considered &#8220;riverine&#8221; species<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: italic\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/againfo\/programmes\/en\/PAAT\/documents\/maps\/pdf\/Groups\/AF_fuscgr_V.pdf\">Glossina fusca<\/a> &#8211;  <\/span>are generally considered &#8220;forest&#8221; species<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-style: italic\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/againfo\/programmes\/en\/PAAT\/documents\/maps\/pdf\/Groups\/AF_morsgr_V.pdf\">Glossina morsitans<\/a> <\/span>&#8211; are generally considered &#8220;savannah&#8221; species<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are many other species of tsetse flies, for a brief list, click <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsetse_fly#Species\">here<\/a>.<br \/><a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Tsetsemeyers1880.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 337px;height: 306px\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/54\/Tsetsemeyers1880.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/>The actual parasite that the tsetse flies act as vectors for is the protozoa <span style=\"font-size:100%\"><i><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trypanosoma_brucei_gambiense\" title=\"Trypanosoma brucei gambiense\">Trypanosoma brucei <\/a><\/i><\/span>, more specifically <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_trypanosomiasis\">African Trypanosomiasis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/23\/Trypanosoma_sp._PHIL_613_lores.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"margin: 0px auto 10px;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;width: 374px;height: 265px\" src=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/23\/Trypanosoma_sp._PHIL_613_lores.jpg\" alt=\"\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/>Trypansomiasis can be a fatal disease that first causes the lymphnodes to swell, insomnia at night and fatigue by day (hence &#8220;sleeping sickness&#8221;). For a list of symptoms and stages of the illness click <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/African_trypanosomiasis#Symptoms_and_clinical_features\">here<\/a>.  It was not until 1902-1903 that it was discovered by <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_Bruce_%28microbiologist%29\">Sir David Bruce<\/a> that the tsetse flies were the vector for this parasitic disease.  This cognitive leap must have prompted the mapping of tsetse fly habitats and distribution to predict the occurrence of sleeping sickness and take initial steps in mitigating the disease. Turn of the century GIS!<br \/>Oh yeah, if you want some GIS data on tsetse fly distribution, check out this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/ag\/againfo\/programmes\/en\/PAAT\/maps.html\">page sponsored by the FAO.<\/a><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\">&#8220;Hooray for geography and hooray for maps!&#8221; I say!<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Okay, so maybe there&#8217;s two maps this week, but they&#8217;re closely related! Map 1.) Skeletal Map of Tropical Africa Showing Distribution of Tsetse Flies Map 2.) Skeletal Map of Tropical Africa Showing Distribution of Sleeping Sickness and Glossina Palpalis Both &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/2009\/09\/04\/map-of-the-week-5-sleeping-sickness-in-africa-1909\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,1007,200],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/397"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=397"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/397\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=397"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=397"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs-dev.lib.uconn.edu\/outsidetheneatline\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=397"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}